{"id":21242,"date":"2023-10-11T11:17:56","date_gmt":"2023-10-11T11:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/endustriyel-susturucular-kapsamli-bir-genel-bakis\/"},"modified":"2026-06-23T11:00:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T11:00:08","slug":"endustriyel-susturucular-kapsamli-bir-genel-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/endustriyel-susturucular-kapsamli-bir-genel-bakis\/","title":{"rendered":"End\u00fcstriyel Susturucular: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Genel Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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End\u00fcstriyel Susturucular: Kapsaml\u0131 Bir Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hemen hemen t\u00fcm end\u00fcstriyel ekipman ve cihazlar, genellikle izin verilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a \u00fczerinde bir miktar g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00fcretir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir: Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan Avrupa'da 87 dB(A) olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir, ancak Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde s\u0131n\u0131rlar farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterse de, \u00e7o\u011funlukla 85 dB(A) olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

ABD'de, s\u0131n\u0131r NIOSH taraf\u0131ndan 8 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi boyunca 85 dB(A) ve gece boyunca 50 dB(A) olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu s\u0131n\u0131rlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bir \u015feyler sa\u011flamak gerekecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu, statik g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc azaltma cihazlar\u0131, akustik kabinler (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131m\u0131zda yer almamaktad\u0131r) ve dinamik g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc azaltma cihazlar\u0131, yani susturucular gibi, borular boyunca ilerleyen ak\u0131\u015f g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmak i\u00e7in devreye al\u0131nacak cihazlar kullan\u0131larak elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n

End\u00fcstriyel ortamlarda, susturucular g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyelerini azaltmak ve kontrol etmek, elveri\u015fli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fi d\u00fczenlemelerine uymak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenlerdir. Bu susturucular \u00fc\u00e7 ana tipe ayr\u0131l\u0131r: emici, reaktif ve genle\u015fmeli (ve hatta iki tipin birle\u015fimi, esas olarak reaktif art\u0131 ikinci bir emici tip b\u00f6l\u00fcm veya genle\u015fmeli art\u0131 ikinci bir emici tip b\u00f6l\u00fcm). Her tipin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc uygulama alanlar\u0131, yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc azaltma mekanizmalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Emici Susturucular\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Emici susturucular, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm oktav bantlar\u0131na e\u015fit olarak da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu susturucular, her oktav band\u0131nda 55 dB'ye kadar maksimum g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc azalt\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. \u00c7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekli oldu\u011fu senaryolarda, tipik olarak 40-50 dB(A) civar\u0131nda, ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 panel susturucular\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00fcretti\u011fi g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn titizlikle izlenmesi zorunludur. <\/p>\n

Uygulamalar ve \u00d6zellikler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Emici ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 panel susturucular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda gaz t\u00fcrbinlerinin emme ve egzoz sistemleri ile \u00f6zellikle enerji santrallerindeki kazan de\u015farjlar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Gaz t\u00fcrbini emme sistemlerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, susturucular AISI 304 \u00e7elikten \u00fcretilmeli ve karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi ile kirlenmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131, temiz bir at\u00f6lye b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde imal edilmelidir. <\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda olu\u015fan termal genle\u015fme nedeniyle egzoz susturucular\u0131na \u00f6zel dikkat g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Termal gerilimleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in delikli levhalar\u0131n serbest\u00e7e genle\u015fmesine izin vermek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Susturucu bacan\u0131n i\u00e7inde, y\u00f6nlendiriciden sonra konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, fotoemici malzemenin u\u00e7up gitmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirici \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan en az 1,5 \u00e7ap uzakl\u0131kta yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. <\/p>\n

Bu susturucular silindirik veya kare\/dikd\u00f6rtgen kesitli olabilir.
\nEmici susturucular, paralel veya e\u015fmerkezli ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 panellere sahip olabilir; bunlardan ilki daha uygun maliyetli bir \u00fcretim se\u00e7ene\u011fidir. Kullan\u0131lan emici malzemeler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir; 100 kg\/m\u00b3 yo\u011funlu\u011fa sahip bazalt y\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00bc in\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sa\u011flam bir fiberglas kuma\u015f kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir. Kabuk \u00fczerindeki malzemenin yo\u011funlu\u011fu sadece 80 kg\/m\u00b3 olabilir. Bu malzemelerin d\u0131\u015f korumas\u0131, uygun delik \u00e7ap\u0131, aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k alan\u0131 ile tasarlanm\u0131\u015f delikli levhalar olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Tasar\u0131m ve Verimlilik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Absorptive silencers are meticulously designed to meet specific requirements, ensuring optimal performance. The dynamic insertion loss is in accordance with the outlined specifications and has been field-tested on silencers that have been manufactured and supplied to some customers. The absorption package is created in \"pillows,\" fully sealed to prevent materials from being blown out, and are typically 1m by 1m to align with the perforated sheets dimensions. <\/p>\n

Havaland\u0131rma Susturucular\u0131\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

When you vent a gas or a steam to atmosphere, it occurs a lamination effect, so that the upstream gas pressure will go to the atmospheric pressure and the temperature will remain the same, except for CO2, which temperature will be 20 degree C lower than the upstream temperature. The steam vent will follow the same process (lamination), but in accordance with Mollier diagram, which will give the downstream temperature of the steam
\nVent silencers are a combination of expansion and absorptive silencers, specifically designed to minimize noise created by the venting of high-pressure steam, air, or gas to the atmosphere. These silencers are integral in various industrial applications, helping in mitigating the noise generated during venting processes and steam blowing to clean the pipes before using them. <\/p>\n

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Tasar\u0131m ve Verimlilik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Havaland\u0131rma g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyesi, NASA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Lightnill form\u00fcl\u00fcne ek olarak, gaz ve buhar tahliyesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli saha \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinden hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.
\nHavaland\u0131rma susturucular\u0131 genellikle silindirik \u015fekildedir, ancak \u00fcretim maliyetinden tasarruf etmek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 susturucuda birden fazla ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n tahliyesine izin vermek \u00fczere kare\/dikd\u00f6rtgen kesitli de olabilirler.
\nY\u00fcksek de\u015farj s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda olu\u015fan termal genle\u015fme nedeniyle havaland\u0131rma susturucular\u0131na \u00f6zel dikkat g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. Dif\u00fcz\u00f6rlerin ve g\u00f6vde ve ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 panellerin delikli levhalar\u0131n\u0131n termal gerilimleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in serbest\u00e7e genle\u015fmesine izin vermek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Susturucular, daralm\u0131\u015f genle\u015fmelerden kaynaklanan termal gerilimi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in giri\u015flerinde \u00f6zel bir eksenel genle\u015fme derzi ile donat\u0131labilir. Giri\u015flerinde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmekle g\u00f6revli bir dizi genle\u015fme dif\u00fcz\u00f6r\u00fc (1 ila 6 aras\u0131nda olabilir) bulunur; bu y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, ikinci kademe ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 panel susturucusu taraf\u0131ndan daha kolay par\u00e7alanabilir (neredeyse her zaman ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 panelli ikinci bir kadememiz vard\u0131r; sadece baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 havaland\u0131rma ve kat\u0131 olmayan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc gereksinimlerinde dif\u00fcz\u00f6rl\u00fc sadece birinci kademe olabilir). \u00d6nerilen en iyi dif\u00fcz\u00f6r say\u0131s\u0131 3 ila 4't\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr susturucular\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n; genellikle m\u00fc\u015fteriler, havaland\u0131rma vanas\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanm\u0131\u015f yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f bas\u0131nc\u0131nda %20'lik bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne izin verir. Dif\u00fcz\u00f6rlerin DIL'i, bu ama\u00e7la \u00fcretilen kontrol susturucular\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r ve saha testlerinden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu tip susturucularla, 55-60 dB'den fazla \u00e7\u0131kmamak \u00f6nerilse de, 60-70 dinamik ekleme kayb\u0131na bile ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
\nSusturucu, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru tahliyeli bir ya\u011fmur ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de donat\u0131labilir.
\nDif\u00fcz\u00f6r malzemeleri AISI 304 veya daha iyisi olacak, susturucu g\u00f6vdesi ise genellikle karbon \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
\nHavaland\u0131rma susturucular\u0131n\u0131n, y\u00f6netmeliklere tabi olan bas\u0131n\u00e7 susturucular\u0131 OLMADI\u011eINI l\u00fctfen unutmay\u0131n.
\nAyr\u0131 bir kategori olu\u015fturan \u00fcflemeli susturucular, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ncesinde buhar boru hatt\u0131n\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r; prensip ayn\u0131d\u0131r, ancak giri\u015f radyaldir ve giri\u015fin hemen \u00f6n\u00fcnde, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6pleri (ta\u015flar, \u015fapkalar, eldivenler, vidalar, somunlar, pense vb.) havaland\u0131rmal\u0131 borular\u0131n i\u00e7ine toplamak i\u00e7in bir kap bulunur.<\/p>\n

Reaktif Susturucular\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reaktif susturucular, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc kontrol etmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir mekanizma kullanan ba\u015fka bir varyantt\u0131r. Ses dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, bu da g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn giri\u015fimine ve ard\u0131ndan iptaline yol a\u00e7ar. Reaktif susturucular, \u00f6zellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmada etkilidir ve bu t\u00fcr g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyelerinin bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu end\u00fcstriyel ortamlarda hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.
\nAyr\u0131ca, standart silindirik susturuculardan (merkezi tapa ile veya olmadan) veya ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 panel susturuculardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ikinci bir emici tip susturucuya da sahip olabilirler.
\n\u0130lk susturucu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (reaktif k\u0131s\u0131m) tek kademeli (iki oda) veya \u00e7ift kademeli (\u00fc\u00e7 oda) olabilir. Bu, DIL'nin artmas\u0131n\u0131n ikinci bir emici tip eklemekten daha pahal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilmez. \u015eok borular\u0131 (iki susturucu odas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131 borular\u0131) daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in profilli veya daha y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in d\u00fcz kesilmi\u015f olabilir. Bu borular, gerekli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekans ve y\u00fcksek frekans kesme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olacak \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilebilir.
\nBu susturucular normalde karbon \u00e7elikten \u00fcretilir.
\nReaktif susturucuya \u201cpi-filtre\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir ve NACA form\u00fclleri, Bolt Beranek ve Neumann \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u015eirketlerinin bilgi birikimi kullan\u0131larak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nReaktif susturucular\u0131m\u0131z ayr\u0131ca, susturucunun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan olas\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc ve patlama diski i\u00e7in D.I.L. de\u011ferini de hesaplayabilir. Reaktif susturucular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n D.I.L. de\u011ferleri, tedarik edilen y\u00fczlerce susturucu \u00fczerinde test edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

Uygulama ve Uygulama<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reaktif susturucular uyarlanabilir \u00f6zelliktedir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcy\u00fc etkili bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek ve azaltmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel uygulamalarda kullan\u0131labilir. Akustik ortam\u0131 izin verilen seviyelerde tutmada, end\u00fcstriyel g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc y\u00f6netmeliklerine ve standartlar\u0131na uyumu sa\u011flamada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynarlar. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca uygulama alanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yatlar, i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar ve jenerat\u00f6rlerdir. <\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

End\u00fcstriyel susturucular, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc seviyelerinin y\u00f6netimi ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan, end\u00fcstriyel sekt\u00f6rde vazge\u00e7ilmez bile\u015fenlerdir. Enerji santrallerindeki gaz t\u00fcrbinlerinde ve kazan de\u015farjlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan emici susturucular, enerji santrallerindeki y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 tahliyelerini y\u00f6neten havaland\u0131rma susturucular\u0131, do\u011fal gaz depolama ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma istasyonlar\u0131ndaki kompres\u00f6r havaland\u0131rmalar\u0131 veya mega yatlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck yolcu gemileri veya askeri hizmet botlar\u0131nda kurulu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131 g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kan reaktif susturucular olsun, her t\u00fcr, dengeli bir akustik ortam\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda belirli bir amaca hizmet eder. Titiz tasar\u0131m, malzeme se\u00e7imi ve uygulamaya \u00f6zel \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme, bu susturucular\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel ortamlarda optimum performans ve etkinli\u011fini sa\u011flamada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n

Rev.1 5 Ekim 2023
\nRev.0 29 Eyl\u00fcl 2023 <\/p>\n

Roberto Mozzatto<\/strong>
\nTeknik Dan\u0131\u015fman<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[327],"class_list":["post-21242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vaka-calismalari-ve-makaleler","tag-susturucular"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21242"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21265,"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21242\/revisions\/21265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ergil.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}